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 Alabama's congressional districts have had roughly the same configuration since 1993, with one majority-minority district out of its seven total districts. Data from the 2020 United States Census showed that while the state did not gain or lose any representation at the federal level, the racial diversity in the state had increased, with the portion of white residents having fallen from 68% to 64% over the prior ten years, while Alabama's Black population grew by 3.8 percent over the same period.

 The 2nd Congressional district of Alabama has been completely overhauled in advance of the 2024 elections, as a result of the United State Supreme Court's decision in Allen v. Milligan, which ordered Alabama to create a second black opportunity district. 

Following this, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama appointed a special master to create new maps for the state, which resulted in the 2nd joining the 7th as the state's two opportunity districts.

 With this new configuration, the district would have been one of 19 districts that voted for Joe Biden in the 2020 presidential election had they existed in such configurations while being won or held by a Republican in 2022. However, with GOP Representative Barry Moore's home county of Coffee being drawn out of this district and into the 1st Congressional district, Moore has decided to run in that district, because his decision the 'new 2nd' district has been left without an incumbent thereby making it an open seat.

The 2nd congressional district now joins the 7th district, represented by Democratic Rep. Terri Sewell, as opportunities for Black voters to elect their chosen representatives. It is the first time in Alabama’s history that it has had two Black plurality congressional districts, despite having one of the highest percentages of Black residents of any state.